Any phone camera can photograph through an eyepiece. Holding it by hand is fine for a quick shot, and a clamp adapter makes every shot line up the same way.
By hand
Start at low power, where the view is brightest and easiest to line up.
Focus the microscope with your eye first. The phone picks up the focus you set.
Hold the main camera lens over the eyepiece, centered and almost touching it. Move in until the bright circle fills the screen.
Touch and hold on the image to lock focus and exposure, so the phone stops hunting.
Zoom the phone in a little to crop off the black ring around the view.
Turn the microscope light down if the picture looks washed out.
With a phone adapter
An adapter clamps the phone and holds its camera over the eyepiece, so you line it up once and every shot after matches.
Some adapters drop into the eyepiece tube in place of an eyepiece and carry their own. Those fit by tube diameter, so check your model's eyepiece tube size on the camera adapter page before buying one.
Adapters that clamp around an eyepiece fit by that eyepiece's outside diameter instead.
On a phone with several cameras, line up the main lens.
When a phone is not enough
A trinocular microscope has a third tube made for a camera. A camera on that port gives steady video and leaves both eyepieces free, and the camera adapter guide lists which camera fits each model.
A phone adapter and slides on Amazon
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Prepared slides
AmScope PS25P prepared slides, 25 pieces
25 prepared slides of plant, fungus, insect and animal specimens, 25 x 75 mm, each labeled, in a plastic storage case.